Gaza Strip: Attacks in the border areas and their consequences

PCHR

Saturday, 02 February 2013 00:00

 PCHR Fact Sheet  January 2013

Following disengagement from the Gaza Strip in September 2005, Israel unilaterally and illegally established a so-called “buffer zone”, an area prohibited to Palestinians along the land and sea borders of the Gaza Strip. The precise area designated by Israel as a “buffer zone” is not clear and this Israeli policy is typically enforced with live fire. The establishment of the ‘buffer zone’ is illegal under both Israeli and international law.

Preventing Palestinians from accessing their lands and fishing areas violates numerous provisions of international human rights law, including the right to work, the right to an adequate standard of living, and the right to the highest attainable standard of health. Enforcing the “buffer zone” through the use of live fire often results in, inter alia, the direct targeting of civilians and/or indiscriminate attacks, both of which constitute war crimes.

Following the Israeli offensive on the Gaza Strip in November 2012, a ceasefire agreement was brokered by the Egyptian government. Following this agreement the Israeli-imposed fishing limit was expanded from 3 to 6 nautical miles. There have been conflicting messages about the parameters of the “buffer zone” on land, which has resulted in an increase of risk for the safety of civilians and their property in the border areas.

                                                                                                                                

Dimensions

On land, inside Palestinian territory Distance from the border fence, up to which access is permitted: · Second Intifada (2000): 150 metres · According to Israel (2010) : 300 metres · 22 November 2012: unclear parameters · 25 February 2013: 100 metres · 11 March 2013: 300 metres In reality, attacks against civilians take place anywhere up to approximately 1.5 kilometres inside the border fence. This constitutes approximately 17% of the total territory of the Gaza Strip.

At sea, off the coast of the Gaza Strip Distance from the shore, up to which access is permitted: · Oslo Accords (1994): 20 nautical miles (nm) · Bertini Commitment (2002): 12 nm · October 2006: 6 nm · End of 2007 : 3 nm · 22 November 2012: 6 nm In addition, access is consistently denied in the following areas: · 1.5 nm in the north along the maritime boundary with Israel · 1 nm in the south along the maritime boundary with Egypt

Impact

On land · Approximately 27,000 dunums, 35% of the Gaza Strip's agricultural land, can only be accessed under high personal risk, as Israeli attacks may result in injury or death of civilians. · 95% of the restricted area is arable land. · After the evacuation of settlements (2005) and ‘Operation Cast Lead’ (2008-2009), the majority of Palestinian families living in the border areas abandoned their land and homes.

At sea · Palestinians are completely prevented from accessing 85% of the Palestinian maritime areas recognised in the 1994 Gaza Jericho Agreement. · Approximately 3,700 fishermen work under high personal risk every day at sea. · Approximately 8,200 persons work in the fishing industry. · Approximately 65,000 persons, including individuals who work in the fishing industry and their dependents, are affected by the “buffer zone” restrictions at sea. · The area near the coast is markedly over-fished.

Attacks

January 2013

Attacks	Total	“Buffer zone” on land	“Buffer zone” at sea
Shelling	1	1	0
Shooting	37	24	13
Incursions	3	3	0*
Land levelling	0	0	0
Total incidents	41	28	13

* These numbers do not represent all the incursions into Palestinian waters by Israeli naval forces, only the reported incidents. More often, the reported incidents involve shooting, injury and/or killing.

Consequences of attacks

a. Deaths and injuries

January 2013

Consequences	Total	“Buffer zone” on land	“Buffer zone” at sea
Death of persons	2	2	0
Minors	0	0	0
Women	0	0	0
Injury of persons	11	11	0
Minors	4	4	0
Women	0	0	0

b. Property related violations

January 2013

Consequences	Total	“Buffer zone” on land	“Buffer zone” at sea
Property damaged	1	0	1
Property confiscated	1	0	1
Dunums razed	0	0	0

c. Detention

January 2013

Consequences	Total	“Buffer zone” on land	“Buffer zone” at sea
Detention incidents	6	5	1
Total persons detained	12	9	3
Minors detained	5	5	0
Women detained	0	0	0